-----------------------------------------------------Not sure on Europe but in the USA they have associate degrees which are basically the first two years of a bachelors. If you want to go on to a bachelors you (typically) have two more years. What we call a university they call a either a college or a university (same thing to them). They also have "community colleges" but again most bachelor programs give full credit for what was learned there (assuming it was related and is RA). There are issues with RA and NA programs but as long as your credits are RA (regardless of source) you can use them to move forward with your education.
In Canada the University system has been dragged kicking and screaming into acknowledging college credits at all. The two school types have different accreditation (where in the US they are all RA, well the worth while ones are). In the best cases here if you go to college first they will give you one year credit for a two year program and maybe two for a three year program. In some cases my three years of college is worth only 7 credits in a related university program here! They will make you take all the same courses over again (in many cases the exact same content)...
Where our system is broken, college and university are diverging paths (and have separate accreditation). Universities make it as hard as possible to use you college credits towards a degree. At the same time people are graduating university and then taking a college course to get the knowledge they need to get a job (I know many that have done this).
The sad part is, once you have worked a few years the college education is pretty much a worthless piece of paper to both the university and business worlds. Degree is king, college may get you the job but not much more. The irony is, my college education is pretty much worthless to Canadian Universities but is considered three years of RA university, 90 (actually more) credits in the US!
As a graduate of a respected three year college program researching degree completion paths I am very familiar with the US and Canada systems of acknowledging the Canadian college education. There are some Canadian universities that have specific articulation agreements but they are few and far between, there are always minor exceptions.
Although there are not many topics where I would suggest looking to the US as an example, the accreditation structure (not cost!) of the post secondary system is one of them. Our colleges and universities should have the same accreditation, college credits should be fully acknowledge by the university system. Someone who completes two or three years of university (or community college) should graduate with the equivalent of today's diplomas (two year) or advanced diplomas (three year) if they go the full four years get a bachelors.
Some Universities are starting to do joint programs with local community colleges here to implement something like this for specific programs but there is a very long road ahead. Some community colleges are fighting the good fight to offer in-house degrees but it is a long and hard battle. The arrogance of the university establishment is nearly unprecedented (the people who run the system).
In the USA our automotive designers were from community college. Later they were forced to go to university and get a 2 year associates degree. Their community college was similar to college in Canada. When I went to university one needed an extra year of high school - OACs, and to get to college you just needed 4 years at a lower level (general) with no Calculus. So the person going to university was at a different level than the one going to college. After the first year of post secondary schooling the college student would not be equivalent. I realize it's different now, but are they equivalent......I doubt it. The entrance requirements are different as well as the tuition cost, not that familiar with the courses anymore but at Durham college the educators don't even need a PHD, and some are part time.