I've gone past 100,000 km on a couple of bikes. Around 80,000 - 100,000 km things start wearing out: steering head bearings, brake rotors, swingarm pivot and shock linkage bearings, etc. I gave a Yamaha FZR400 a thorough overhaul a couple years ago, documented here
http://www.gtamotorcycle.com/vbforum/showthread.php?178050-FZR400-winter-overhaul That made it feel like a new bike. I might be waking it up for the coming season this week.
GTAM member and moderator V-Tom took a V-Strom 650 past 200,000 km. (Same engine as SV650)
edit: GTAM member and moderator WobblyCat has a cbr600f2 with something beyond 140,000 km on it and it has not been apart.