changing your oil often is not detrimental to the life of an engine. Not changing it often enough is. simple fact.
Unless you're filling your filter with oil prior to installation and building pressure before the engine fires you could very well be doing more damage changing your more often than necessary.
On the synthetic vs. dino topic ... synthetic doesn't break down as quickly as dino oil; it retains it's cushioning and lubrication qualities longer. If you're changing your oil on a severe duty schedule (cars / trucks) then synthetic in most cases is overkill as dino oil won't have broken down during the period between changes.
Synthetic does become contaminated exactly the same as dino oil. If your engine is works hard on a regular basis, is older or out of tune then you would want to change it on a severe duty schedule.