For clarification: Is the engine actually seized (e.g. does not turn at all or with extreme difficulty), or does it just not run? Replacing a starter usually does not require any draining of oil, but some manufacturers can do things a little strangely.
If it's a pinging and not a knocking sound, I would look in the top end (cylinder head) to start. Pinging under load can indicate detonation, and can even cause loss of power, but will not normally result in a dramatic failure in a normal engine (i.e. not a motor built for drag racing). Unless something knocked the ignition timing waaaaaaay off, but the ignition rotor is usually keyed pretty firmly to the crankshaft so this is pretty unlikely.
None of this advice means anything if you're not going to look at it yourself, though.
If it's a pinging and not a knocking sound, I would look in the top end (cylinder head) to start. Pinging under load can indicate detonation, and can even cause loss of power, but will not normally result in a dramatic failure in a normal engine (i.e. not a motor built for drag racing). Unless something knocked the ignition timing waaaaaaay off, but the ignition rotor is usually keyed pretty firmly to the crankshaft so this is pretty unlikely.
None of this advice means anything if you're not going to look at it yourself, though.