NHTSA has a paper out called Bodily Injury Locations in Fatally Injured Motorcycle Riders. You can find it at http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810856.pdf .
It does separate stats out by helmeted and unhelmeted riders. Among helmeted riders, the most prominent single cause of death noted is head injuries. Also up on the list are thorax, neck, and abdomen. In Ontario the head is usually covered by a helmet. The other areas of the body noted are those that contain the body's critical organ and nerve clusters. None are areas that would be among the first to be "skinned" in a bad crash.
Among cause of crash fatality, in the US over half of fatalities are due to crashing into a fixed object, and not sliding down the road to a slow skinning stop. That figure sounds reasonable for Ontario, where in 2008 about 48% of motorcycle fatalities were single-vehicle crashes.
Again, going back to the stats I posted earlier in this thread, the groups most likely to be fully-geared up in the US, sport and supersport bike riders, also have the highest fatality rates. If they're geared up, they're not going to be road-rashed to the same degree as a gearless rider. So, you answer the question - what is killing them?
So, your premise is based upon your assumption that road rash is not a factor in the study? Since the study was attempting to prove that wearing a helmet saves lives and doesn't mention what type of injury occurred, I don't think that you can make that claim. What I found interesting that the majority of people who died had multiple injuries even if only one was coded. I think that there is enough evidence, that they could try a study to see if road rash combined with a near, but non fatal injury could be enough to push people over the edge. Besides I think my leathers keep the armour in place better than some elastic and fabric for any of the blunt impacts. Anything that keeps me out of the hospital and back at work the next day is worthwhile in my book.
I'm not sure where you're pulling the half the fatalities in the US number from. Presumably some of them would slide down the road before crashing into an object, others would catch a guardrail and be decapitated, others would fall off a bridge, some are going to be thrown into the air and come down hard.
I also don't think that you can automatically presume that all or even most of the supersport riders in the U.S. are atgatt. Some won't even be wearing helmets.
That doesn't mean that I ride like a maniac depending on whether or not I wear gear. If one were to start out like that, then one would eventually get used to nothing happening with the new dress code and old habits would return.
What I find most interesting is ATGATT people admitting they felt nervous without gear.....the gear should never matter to your riding skills or caution. That admission tells me they are using the gear as a confidence crutch.
Perhaps a bit more venturing out without it might actually improve their cautionary riding instead of providing unwarranted complacency.
I find the opposite most interesting. Someone who switches back and forth and thinks "yeah whatever", really scares me. Going to destroy a new pair of jeans "yeah whatever". Using the wrong tool for the job at hand "yeah whatever". These people are more likely to take others with them when they mess up. Ran a red light - yeah whatever".